friend



(No Model.)

- 3 sheets-snee 1. J. L.l FRIEND.'

BRICK AND TILE KILN.

Panted pr. 10

WI TJV ESSES .Attorney n Pneus Pmmunwgmwer. waning u. c

(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 2.

J. L. FRIEND. BRICK AND TILE KILN. No. 275.47% Patented Apr.'10, 1883.

.fitto-may 3 Sheets-Sheet 3.

J. L. FRIEND. y

' "BRICK AND TILE KIL-N.

(No Model.)

WITNESSES r l JF Attorney UNITED e STATES PATENT OFFICE..

JESSE 'L. FRIEND, OF PERRYSBURG, INDIANA, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF T() DPTONA. AGER, OF SAME PLACE.

BRICK AND TILE KILN.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 275,477, dated April10,1883.

' appndaudnnled December-30,1882. (No model.)

To all whom Ait may concern:

Be it known that I, JESSE L. FRIEND, a citi zen of the United States,residing at Perrysburg, in the county of Miami and State of Indiana,have invented certa-in new and useful Improvements in Brick and TileKilns; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, andexact description 0f the same, reference being had to the annexeddrawings, making a part of this specification, and to the letters andfigures of reference marked thereon.

Figure 1 of the drawings is ahorizontal section of a tile-kilnconstructed in accordance with my invention, taken on line y y of Fig.4; Fig. 2, a detail view, in perspective and on an enlarged scale, ofone ofthe fire-arches. Fig. 3 is a plan view in detail, showing thefoundation or construction of the door inside of the interior Wall; andFig 4, a longitudinal vertical section of the kiln.

The presentinvention has relation to certain new and usefulimprovementsin tile-kilns 5 and the object thereof is to construct or build such akiln as will be both practical and effective, and in which the steam andmoisture arising from the ground and from the partially-dried tile atthecommencement of burning is effectually carried off, and requiringless fuel to obtain the desired results and expedition of work.

The above-mentioned objects I successfully attain by the constructionsubstantially as shown in the drawings, and hereinafter dcscribed andclaimed.

In the accompanying drawings, A D represent, respectively, the outer andinner walls of the kiln, the outer wall being either square or with fiveor more sides, or any'desirable shape and thickness, and has a series ofarched openings, B. This wall A, from a point at the top of theopenings, inclinesin an inward direction toward the top of the wallD,or, in other words, it flares outwardly at the point where it joins theinner wall in a direction toward its base, thus leaving a larger spacebetween the walls for the fuel, and the approach of the outer wallhalf-way between the openings insures better and more thoroughcombustion and heat, and enables the party usin gto concentrate theheatat any desired point-thatiahecan crowd the fire and heat to the centerlfrom all points or one or more, as found necessary, enabling the evendistribution of heat in the most perfect manner. Y Y

The circular and inner wall, D, has a series ot' arches, C, divergingfrom a central iiue or chimney, E, which extends a suitable distanceabove the outer wall of the kiln, and is located at'tlie center thereofon level of floor, and connects with the arches C, which radiate fromthe center, as shown in Fig. 1.

rlhe flue or chimney E is preferably built of one width of brick, nomortar being used on ends, but left slightly open at the end ofeachbrick, the object of the ue being to conduct or carry ofi the steam andmoisture arising from the ground and from the partially-dried tile atthe commencement of burning, and as soon as that is done the flue orchimney at the top is closed by placing overit sheet-iron or a likecovering, thus preventing to a considerable extent the cracking of thetile.

The arches G have eachaseries of openings, b, through which the flameand heat passes either way through the dues orchannels c, runninghorizontally underthekiln-floor, as shown in Fig. 3 and indicated byarrows.

The outer wall, A, and circular orinner wall, D, are connected togetherby projecting brick at intervals at or near the top of the inner wall toretain the latter well in place, the wall D at intervals being providedwith openings a.

If desired, the kiln may have a chimney extending horizontally throughand beyond the outer wall and in an upward direction a suitabledistance, as shown in dotted lines, Fig. 4, such chimney, also thearchways under iioor and covering over top of kiln, (also shown indotted 1ines,) only being used when it is preferiled to have a downwarddraft,which is only occasionally required, but claimed by some asnecessary in peculiar clays.

The formation or construction of the floor ot' the kiln is more clearlyshown in Fig. 3, the main tire-arches G extending from the outsidethereof and on line with the openings B, the construction of thefire-arches being shown in detail, Fig.2, and immediately under themradiate dues or channels of any desired width and depth, thus formingcircular openings immediately under the floor. Mid way between thesearches C, or about half-way from the `Wall I), are openings d, to admita greater amount of heat, and after the arches, with the radiating andcircular channels, are formed all coming to the same lerel, the wholesurface is covered with brick set a suitable distance apart to permitthe heat t0 escape upward, except immediately over the arches, Where thebricks are laid closer together, and sufficient heat is furnishedWithout the openings, and especially drawing the heat and causing it tocirculate through the channels and evenly distribute itself through thebody of tile or other article being burned.

A kiln constructed in accordance with my invention possesses manysuperior advantages over those ordinarily in use, it furnishing thelnost eren and perfect distribution of heat, the fuel and heat beingdirected around outside of the inner wall at any one or more openings,and thus burn all parts ot' the kiln alike; also, the manner ofconstruction enables the interior and essential parts of the kiln to berepaired at any point Without the necessity of tearing down the entireinside.

Having now fully described my invention,

what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

l. In a tile or other kiln, the combination,

with the inner wall, D, having openings a, of 3o the outer wall, A,having arched openings B, said Wall flaring outward and joined to theinner wall, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

2. In a tile or other kiln, the outer wall, A, having arched opcningsBand flaring outward at or near its base, in combination with the innerwall, D, radial arches C, and chimney E, substantially as and for thepurpose set forth.

3. A tile or other kiln consistingot' theouter wall, A, having openingsB, the inner wall, D, radial arches C, having openings b, and thechimney E, projecting from the center of'hiln or from the outside,substantially as and for the purpose specified.

In testimony that I claim the above I have hereunto subscribed my nainein the presence ot two Witnesses.

JESSE L. FRIEND.

Witnesses:

JAMES M. BROWN, J. H. BoNsLoG.

